Equipment

Consumable list and Equipment List

This handy Consumables list is sourced from Te Kete Ipurangi, //Science toolbox //, Consumables list Page 1 of 16  []

& approximate cost || Sources || Suggestions for use || Notes || < $5 || • Supermarkets ||  ||   || [Aluminium potassium sulfate, AlK(SO4)2] $15–$20 || • Pharmacists • Scientific suppliers || • Crystal growing || Poisonous in large quantities || < $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Covering containers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electricity ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(cloudy ammonia) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$40–$45 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• An alkaline (base) solution <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Gas diffusion || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Poison – irritating gas. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not mix with bleach because chlorine gas is produced (refer to //Safety and Science//, pages 46–47). || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alkaline solutionIt reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Action/reaction forhovercraft (rockets) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• To model expandinguniverse theory ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Use as axles ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$35–$40 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Secondary schools || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Testing for the presence ofsimple sugars || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use container of hot water as source of heat. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Solution contains copper sulfate (refer to //Safety and Science//, pages 48 and 61). || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(contains sodium hypochlorite, NaHClO) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For whitening paper and cleaning || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Poison – irritating gas. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making slime || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Refer to page 66 of //Making Better Sense of the Material World// for handling precautions. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(soft drink bottles) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastics retailers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making rockets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Funnels || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use only a fine-toothed saw for cutting PET bottles, **not** a craft knife. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical circuits ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(red) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Red cabbage juice is an <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">acid-base indicator. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Other plants, such as impatiens, hibiscus and beetroot, also provide coloured extracts that can be used as acid-base indicators. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Moisture absorbent ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Craft shops <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Properties of matter <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Change of state <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Energy conversion <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Composition of air || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Birthday candles are often appropriate. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not use candles for heating. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Homes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Modelling <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sound activities <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Light activities ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Colours <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Light ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores ||  ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mining activity (how to mine the chips from the bedrock) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair test (comparing chips in different brands) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Covering ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• An acid <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making sherbet ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• An alternative to plasticine for modelling and construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Investigating properties ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$225–$250 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacists <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Crystal gardens <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Coal gardens <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Soak paper in solution, dry, and use as a humidity (water) indicator || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Refer to //Safety and Science//, page 62. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Chromatography || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Darker colours give better results. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">[CuSO4] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden centres <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fertiliser works || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Crystal growing || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Poison **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> (1 teaspoon can kill a small child). Keep in locked cupboard. Refer to //Safety and Science//, pages 48, 61, and 62. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing (speed of dissolving; effect of temperature) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mixtures <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making oobleck <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(see pages 64–65 of //Making Better Sense of the Material World// for recipes) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Taste testing || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ensure that each bud is used by only one child. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Temporary and permanent change ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Cleaning <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making bubbles ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Bitter tasting• Poisonous in large quantities• Powerful laxative || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fabric shops <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Students’ homes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sorting activities <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Investigating properties <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrostatics ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Chromatography || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Water-based pens are most convenient for chromatography. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(economy grade) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Chromatography <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Separation <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making indicator paper || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alternatively, use paper towels or coffee filters. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mixtures ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Surface tension <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making oobleck and slime ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making jellies (fair testing) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(latex, disposable) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Medical suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For protection ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacists <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Demonstrating Benedict’s test ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(PVA – polyvinyl acetate) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware stores <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making slime <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Constructions ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making hokey-pokey <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mixtures ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(glycerol) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacists <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stock and station agents || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making bubbles <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Service stations <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Liquor wholesalers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Cooling <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• States of matter <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Temporary and permanent change ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stirring <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mixing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Constructions ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">[I2] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Crystals <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacists <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• States of matter || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iodine is poisonous and stains. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Stains can be removed if they are immediately treated with sodium thiosulphate solution. Refer to //Safety and Science//, pages 49, 51, and 58. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iodine solution can be made by dissolving iodine crystals in methylated spirits. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$35–$40 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals, crystal gardens, and coal flowers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Refer to //Safety and Science//, page 62. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden centres || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals, crystal gardens, and coal flowers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Refer to //Safety and Science//, page 62. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Demonstrating magnetic fields || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Keep dry, or else they will rust || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers ||  ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(citric acid) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Acid <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Invisible writing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Taste testing (sour taste) ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Secondary schools || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Testing for carbon dioxide ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(neutral) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Acid-base indicator ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals, crystal gardens, and coal flowers ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stonemasons || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Rock types <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making carbon dioxide(add acid) || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Fossils can be seen in many marble panels in buildings. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets ||  ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets ||  ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Service stations || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Chromatography || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Poisonous and flammable <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Store in a locked cupboard <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Seek medical advice if swallowed. (Refer to //Safety and Science//, page 46.) || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Home || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Paper: plant pots, storage <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastic: funnels, jugs, storage || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Make sure these are well washed. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Printing works || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Display <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Brainstorming <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Protective covering ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Vegetable <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Machine <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Service stations || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Friction activities ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(coloured) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Posters <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Displays ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical circuits <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measuring mass <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Magnetism <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Model making ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Filtering <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Chromatography <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Cleaning up <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Health shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Burning || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Raw peanuts (unshelled) can be successfully used to grow plants. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fabric shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(plaster of Paris) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Paint shops <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Modelling and constructions <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making fossils || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Gib-stopping compound could be used instead. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Homes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastics units <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Storage <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Investigating <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Packaging <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Raising seedlings || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Zip-lock plastic bags are an excelent way of displaying items such as birds’ nests and fungi, which may be hazardous to some children. Chemical reactions can also be carried out inside the zip-lock plastic bags. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Toyshops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Modelling ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair test (comparing different methods of heating) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Soak kernels for different periods of time to show seed structure. ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Raising seeds and growing plants <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Different types and brands of potting mix have different compositions. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Health shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Reversible change by soaking in water and then drying || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Raisins are dried grapes. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Forces <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• LEGO Technic <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Non-iodised <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Rock salt <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals, crystal gardens, and coal flowers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Table salt contains additives that may affect its properties, so ensure that plain salt is purchased. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware stores <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Beaches <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Rivers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Modelling <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Observing under microscope <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Showing sound vibrations || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sands from different locations are excelent for observation and comparison. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Friction activities ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(such as broad bean, watercress, mustard) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Broad beans are useful for demonstrating the structure of seeds. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Most seeds sold for planting are coated with fungicide. Either ensure that children wash their hands after handling, or wash seeds well before using them in seed structure investigations. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Beaches <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Students’ homes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Animal study <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Classification and grouping <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Adaptation <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Study of environment or habitat ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacists || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Reducing friction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Personal hygiene ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals, crystal gardens, and coal flowers ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">[NA2SiO3] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(water glass) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Crystal gardens || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Egg preserver. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sodium silicate is used as the solution in which to grow crystal gardens. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Health shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Temporary and permanent change ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving – temporary and permanent change ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Paint shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Individual strands can be used as fuses in electrical circuits || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use non-soapy rather than soapy pads. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Microscope slides <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Collecting cells and fingerprints || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Adhesive dries out on old stock. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Catering wholesalers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Bubbling carbon dioxide <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making pipettes ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fabric shops <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Crystal growing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissolving <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Crystal growing <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Temporary and permanent change <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sorting <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">A range of sugars (coffee crystals, cubes, white, brown, raw, castor, icing) can be used. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(climber’s talc) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fingerprinting ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationery shops <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Paint shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair tests <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Marking out floor areas || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Adhesive dries out on old stock; store in plastic bags. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Acid ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Newsagents <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hot air balloons <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Kites <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Modelling ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• solution <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• paper <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$50–$55 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Acid-base indicator || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Universal indicator gives a range of colours indicating different pH. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(white) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Acid <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making carbon dioxide (add to a carbonate, e.g. marble) || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Vinegar contains acetic acid. White vinegar is preferable to malt. Refer to //Safety and Science//, page 61. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Paint and hardware shops || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Constructions ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• States of matter <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Temporary and permanent change || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Beeswax can also be used. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing between dried and compressed yeast || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Yeast has a finite shelf-life. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Consumables name
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Adhesive putty **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alum
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Aluminium foil [Al]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ammonia solution **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [NH3 (aqueous)]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Baking soda **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Balloons **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bamboo skewers **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Benedict’s solution **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bleach **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> mix with acids or ammonia because chlorine gas is produced (refer to //Safety and Science//, page 48). ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Borax **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">[Sodium tetraborate]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bottles, PET **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bulbs, garden **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bulbs, light **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cabbage **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Calcium chloride **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Ca(Cl)2]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Candles **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cardboard tubes **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cellophane **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Chalk **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Chocolate chippies **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cling film **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Citric acid **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Clay **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cobalt (II) nitrate **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Co(NO3)2]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Coloured sweets and inks **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Copper sulfate **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cordial powders **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cornflour **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cotton buds **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Crayons **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Detergent **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Epsom salts **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Magnesium sulfate, MgSO4]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Fabric samples **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Felt pens **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Filter paper **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Flour **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Food colouring **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Gelatine or jelly crystals **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Gloves **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Glucose **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [C6H12O6]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Glue **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Golden syrup **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Glycerine **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ice **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iceblock sticks **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iodine **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iron (II) ammonium sulfate **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Ferrous ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iron (II) sulfate **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [FeSO4]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Iron filings **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Fe]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Labels **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Lemon juice **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Lime water **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Litmus paper **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Manganese sulfate **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [MnSO4]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Marble chips **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Calcium carbonate, CaCO3]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Marshmallows **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Matches **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Methylated spirits **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Milk cartons **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Newsprint **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Oil **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Paper **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Paper clips **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Paper towels **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Peanuts **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Pins or safety pins **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Plaster **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Calcium sulfate, CaSO4]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Plastic containers and bags **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Plasticine **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Popcorn **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Potting mix **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Raisins **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Rubber bands **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Salt **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [Sodium chloride, NaCl]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sand **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sandpaper **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Seeds **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sea shells **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Soap **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sodium carbonate **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> (Washing soda, Na2CO3.10H2O)
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sodium silicate **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Spaghetti, dried **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Starch **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Steel wool cleaning pads **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sticky tape **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Straws **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">String/cotton **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sugar **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> [C12H22O11]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Talcum powder **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tape, masking **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tartaric acid **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tissue paper **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Toothpicks **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Universal indicator **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Vinegar **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">[Acetic acid CH3COOH]
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wallpaper paste **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wax, paraffin **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Yeast **

Equipment List

This handy equipment list is sourced from Te Kete Ipurangi, //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Science toolbox //, Equipment list Page 1 of 17 [] <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical circuits || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">The use of screw terminal clips is recommended. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Spring pegs can be used as an alternative. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Net or plastic strainer: < $5 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Air pump: $45–$50 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pet shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores ||  ||   || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$500–$600 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pet shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Glass merchants <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pond and stream life <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stream life habitat <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Terrariums <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mini glasshouse <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Ripple tank <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sedimentation experiments || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Pressed plastic aquariums are often easily damaged at the corners. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Glass merchants will make aquariums to size. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mystery games || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Feely bags can also be made from brown paper, wine bags, or old socks. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">0–20 N (Newtons) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measurement of force (including weight) || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Spring balances can be made from rubber bands and a ruler. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Demonstrating expansion of metals by heat ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(selection) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Bargain bins <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Motion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making models (astronomy) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair tests <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Forces <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Friction ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• AAA: $5–$10 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• AA: $5–$10 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• C: < $5 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• D: < $5 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• 9 V: $5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electricity <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electronics || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Consider purchasing chargeable cells and a charger. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Discharged dry cells are a useful source of zinc metal (casing) and carbon rod (central rod). || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(various sizes) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• 250 ml: < $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Necessary if heating with a naked flame || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Jam jars often make good substitutes and can be heated in a microwave oven. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Clear film canisters can be used as small beakers. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Glass beakers are easily broken. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(various sizes) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• 250 ml: < $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making sense of the material world (chemistry) || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Consider plastic tumblers from supermarkets. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Heat only by hot water. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Water rockets • Expansion and compression of gases <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Forces || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">An inflatable–mattress pump or an electric tyre pump can also be used. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Brass-iron <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• The switch inside a pop-up toaster || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Expansion of metals || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bimetallic strips could be borrowed from a secondary school. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(8 x 30 magnification) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$100–$125 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stargazing, especially at the Moon and planets <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Birdwatching || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Binoculars can be hired in some areas. They are better than a telescope. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not allow students to use them to look at the sun. (Can damage eyes.) || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$800–$900 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Butchers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Museums <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Farms || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Looking at adaptivefeatures and structures || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">X–ray negatives can also be used. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(clear, with screw top) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmaceutical suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Storing solutions <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Observing small animals || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Substances must not be stored in beverage bottles. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Learning Media Limited, Box 3293, Wellington || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Modelling, grouping, and classifying activities ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastic-goods retailers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• See ‘Aquarium’ above <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Field trips <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Washing-up || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alternatives are two-litre ice cream containers or four-litre margarine pails. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">MES (socket on plastic base) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Car wreckers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Make sure light bulbs are compatible with the holder. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• MES 3.5 V <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electric circuits || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ensure that the voltage of the bulb(s) is equal to the total voltage of the cells in the circuit. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Consider using bi-directional LEDs as an alternative. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Glass: $15–$20 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Heat source || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">It is advisable to embed the burner in a container of sand (such as an ice cream container) when in use. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">A hot plate, electric frypan, or water bath is usually a safer alternative. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Photo processors (film canisters) || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Specimens <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mixing <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Storage <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Model rockets ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Old telephone cells or other discharged dry cells <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• D cells || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrolysis <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electric plating || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not cut open nicad or mercury cells. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For protection of surfaces in construction and dissection activities || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use plastic or cork tiles as an alternative. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$55–$60 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measuring heights andangles || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">A clinometer can be made from a protractor and a plumb-bob. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Magnetic fields || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Compasses can be hired from some advisory or resource centres. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Conduction of heatenergy || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Conductivity rings could be borrowed from a secondary school. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing micro-organisms <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Displaying things <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Studies of small animals and micro-organisms || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Petri dishes can be re-used. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Some processed cheese containers could be used instead. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$90–$95 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Appliance stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Second-hand shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Use as a heat source or as an incubator for cultures. ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$40–$45 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Appliance stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Second-hand shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For heating purposes ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Pasteur pipettes are plastic, graduated, and inexpensive droppers. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(plastic, polypropylene, 25 mm) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastic-goods retailers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Separation by filtering || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">The top third of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) soft drink bottles are a satisfactory alternative. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Glass suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Investigations of lightand colour || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ensure that edges of samples are filed or fired. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(Polycarbonate construction) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Engineering or construction suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For safety when heatingchemicals <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For safety in any impact situations, such as breaking rocks or collision activities ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$40–$45 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Appliance stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• As a source of heat orwind ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Appliance stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Heat source ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Home || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Storage <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Display <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mixing || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Some jars, such as those containing pasta sauce, have a measuring scale. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hobby and craft shops ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not use for cutting PET bottles. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Industrial suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Protective clothing || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alternatively, use old shirts. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(See also ‘Magnifiers’ below) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Opticians || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Investigations of light <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Looking at small objects such as plants, animals, or rocks <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Telescope || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">A magnifying glass is a biconvex lens. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Lenses could be borrowed from a secondary school. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical repair shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Magnetism <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Earth science–model of Earth <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electromagnets and motors || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Store away from computers and computer disks. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Store with the keepers provided to protect the magnetism. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Magnets can be obtained from old fridge doors, microwave ovens, and speakers. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers• Budget retail stores ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Store in a closed box to prevent them causing fire. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(geological, star) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$225–$250 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Observatory <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Geological society || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Identification of land forms, rock types, stars, and constellations. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Field trips ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Toyshops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Projectiles <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pinball-type experiments <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">These sheets provide safety information and properties of substances. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Request data sheets when purchasing chemicals. The supply companies are obliged by law to supply them. (Refer to //Safety and Science//, pages 38 and 39). || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(plastic)**•** 100 mL polypropylene: $5–$10 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making solutions <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Cartesian divers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Density measurements <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Measuring jugs will do the same job. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$15–$20 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastic-goods retailers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets ||  ||   || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacies <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastic-goods retailers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measuring liquids andsolids <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair testing ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(scrap) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scrap metal dealers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sheet metal workshops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Science resource centres || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Heat expansion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Rusting <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Oxidation <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Mass <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Weight <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plumb-bobs for pendulums <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electroplating <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making batteries ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Ship chandlers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stock and station agents || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Weather <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Air pressure <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Humidity• Temperature <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Rainfall <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Wind speed || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Meteorological instruments can be borrowed from a secondary school or from people in the community. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">A rain gauge can be made from a PET bottle. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For measuring length || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Metal tape-measures can also be used and are often more robust. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Universities or secondary schools || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Binocular microscopes <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(low magnification) are most useful for looking at small animals, plants, fabrics, crystals, paper.• Monocular microscopes(high magnification) are used for looking at thin sections and prepared slides. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Microscopes can be borrowed. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">A class requires at least 2–3 microscopes. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">These should be low-powered binocular microscopes (up to 20X magnification is adequate), easy to use, and durable. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Buying microscopes is a good project for PTA funding. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Holding specimens forexamination || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Slides can be made using sticky tape instead of cover slips. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Microscope slides are also useful for observing crystallisation. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(access only) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Heating, drying, andcooking ||   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$35–$40 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Signwriters <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Glass shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Light investigations <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Reflection, translation,and rotation <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Periscopes || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alternatively, use plastic mirror tiles and strips from bathroom supplies or sign writers. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Testing hardness of minerals <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Rusting and corrosion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Metal testing (differenttypes of metal) || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use brass, steel, and galvanised nails. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $1 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Collecting <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Testing acidity or starch <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Small-scale experiments || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ice cube trays are a suitable alternative. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(empty or full) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Students’ homes || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scent <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Diffusion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Storage ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(old) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Students’ homes <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Newspaper offices <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Museums || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• To show changes in land use ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(equilateral, 50 mm) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Display agents <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Signwriters || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Light and colour <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Refraction ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Investigating rocks <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Testing hardness ofminerals || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Old dental probes may be obtained from dentists. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alternatively, use sharpened nails. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stock agents <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Ship chandlers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Toys <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Machines <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Forces <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Motion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• LEGO Technic || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sturdy pulleys are required for primary students. These can be hired from some advisory or resource centres. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$100–$125 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Geology Department atOtago University <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Science Resource Centre at Dunedin College of Education || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Growing crystals <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fossils <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Jewellery <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Earth Science, such as volcanos, erosion, weathering, stones,history of the Earth || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Rock and mineral kits can be hired from some advisory or resource centres. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Science Resource Centre at Dunedin College of Education || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Classification and grouping <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making comparisons and observations ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measuring <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Making telescopes || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use tape measures or graduated bamboo stakes. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free to all NZ schools || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Learning Media Limited, Box 3293, Wellington || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Detailed reference book || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">All schools have been issued with a copy for every teacher of science. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(kitchen, diet) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measuring mass <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Cooking and making food <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Predicting and estimating ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stationers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Plastic goods retailers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Straining <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Filtering <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Separating mixtures || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Can use old net curtains or pantyhose instead. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$40–$45 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Friction <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Safety <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Motion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair tests || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Students can provide their own. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$100–$125 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hardware shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Breaking soft rocks || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wear safety goggles. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not allow mass destruction of geological samples or sites. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">For safety reasons, do not use carpentry hammers for breaking rocks. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(wooden spoons and teaspoons) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Stirring ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(rubber, cork) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Supermarkets ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Stoppers can be rubber or cork. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wine-bottle corks may be used. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$20–$25 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sports shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Timing, such as animalstudies, pulse rates, fair tests, speed || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Stopwatches could be borrowed from secondary schools. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$150–$175 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden centres <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Paint shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Use for all science activities. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Spread on floor to protect carpet. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Plastic sheeting can also be used. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$500–$600 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Camera shops || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Astronomy <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Lenses || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Binoculars are more useful for stargazing. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Make your own telescope or binoculars with a ruler and lenses. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For holding hot test tubes || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alternatively, use a folded paper strips or bent wire. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For storing test tubes safely ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• For cleaning test tubes ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(25 mm x 150 mm with rim) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$95–$100 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Holding substances <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Heating and mixing || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Test tubes are available from a university glass blower. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Polypropylene test tubes may also be available. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(red spirit, 300 mm) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measuring temperature || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not use for stirring. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not use over a naked flame. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Appliance stores || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Light <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Shadows <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electric circuits <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Models of the sun ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(PVC non-toxic, black, thin wall-tube) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• 30 m coil, 3.2 mm internal diameter: $10–$15 <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">30 m coil, 5.5 mm internal diameter: <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$25–$30 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Hospitality industry suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pet shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Models <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Animal studies ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$75–$80 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Music shops <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sound || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use a length of metal rod held at the centre instead. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Pharmacists <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Examining things <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Dissections <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Picking up small objects ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Free || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Students’ homes || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Source of an air current || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use school vacuum cleaner. Check that the vacuum cleaner will actually blow out air. || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">< $5 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Educational suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Motion <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Friction <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Forces <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Fair tests <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Construction || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Use 4.5 mm cane skewers as axles. <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Kebab sticks and plastic milk bottle lids are an effective substitute. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">(plain, nichrome, copper, fuse, florist’s) <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Budget retail stores <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Science suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Radio wholesalers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Auto electricians <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electrical suppliers <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electricians || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Electricity• Cutting ice || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Do not allow children to strip wire with their teeth. ||
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Equipment name & approximate cost || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Sources || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Suggestions for use || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Notes ||
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Alligator/crocodile clips
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Aquarium accessories
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Aquarium or plastic tank
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bags, feely || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Make your own || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sensory perception
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Balances, spring
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ball and chain
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Balls
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Batteries
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Beakers, glass
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Beakers, plastic
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bicycle pumps
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bimetallic strips (Compound bars)
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Binoculars
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bones and skeletons
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bottles
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">BSM items
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Buckets
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bulb holders
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bulbs
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">MES 2.5 V
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Burners, spirit **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Aluminium: $5–$10
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Canisters with lid **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Carbon rods **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Chopping boards **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Clinometer **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Coins (5c) ** ||  || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Sample of metals ||   ||
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Compasses **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Plotting or charm: < $5
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Pocket: $45–$50(as used in orienteering) || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Conductivity rings **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Dishes, Petri **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Electric frypans **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Electric jugs **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Eyedroppers / Pasteur pipettes **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Filter funnels **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Glass samples **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Goggles **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Hairdryer **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Hotplate or bench oven **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Single-hob (solid top): $200–$225 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Jars **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Knives, craft **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Lab coats **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Cotton drill (all sizes): $60–$65
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Polycotton: $55–$60 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Lenses **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Magnets **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Bar magnets (plastic coated, ceramic 80 x 20 x 10 mm):$5–$10
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Block magnets (ceramic, high field strength, 80 x 22 x 10 mm):$10–$15
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Horseshoe magnets (100 mm long): $15–$20
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Magnetic strip: < $5
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Ring: $5–$10 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Magnifiers **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Folding: $5–$10
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Single lens with handle: $10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Maps **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Marbles **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Material Safety Data Sheets **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Measuring cylinders **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">100 mL TPX/PMP: $15–$20
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">250 mL polypropylene: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$10–$15 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Measurement of liquids
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Measuring jugs **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Measuring spoons **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Metal **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Meteorological instruments **
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Barometer: $75–$80
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Hygrometer: $40–$45
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Maximum-minimum thermometer:$25–$30
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Rain gauge: $30–$35
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wind speed meter (in km/h, with conversion table): $55–$60 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Garden suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Metre rulers **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Microscopes **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Binocular (stereo): $900–$1,000
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Monocular: <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">$400–$500 || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Scientific suppliers
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Microscope slides **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Microwave **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Mirrors, plastic **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Plane (150 mm x 100 mm)
 * <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Convex (100 mm)
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Nails **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Paint-mixing trays **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Perfume bottles **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Photographs **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Prisms, glass **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Probes **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Pulleys **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Rock and mineral kits **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Rocks ** || <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">• Geology Department atOtago University
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Rulers and tape measure **
 * //__<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Safety and Science: A Guidance Manual for New Zealand Schools __//
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Scales **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Scissors **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Sieves **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Skateboard **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Slag hammers **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Spoons **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Stoppers **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Stopwatches **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tarpaulin **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Telescope **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Test tube holders **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Test tube racks **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Test tube brushes **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Test tubes **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Thermometers **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Torch **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tubing **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tuning forks **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Tweezers and forceps **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Vacuum cleaner **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wheels, Plastic **
 * **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Wires **